Clean energy production in Taiwan is evolving rapidly, with growing contributions from wind and solar, and this increasing generation of intermittent and off-peak electricity requires reliable energy storage. However, these renewable energy sources are spread across the entire territory of Taiwan, making them dilute on a power per unit area basis. Hence, methods for storing renewable energy in chemical bonds are required because of the high energy density of chemical fuels and the large scale at which fuels can be stored. For more than a century, the retrieval of energy stored in chemical bonds has been carried out primarily by combusting fossil fuels. Electrocatalysis enables direct conversion of the energy in chemical bonds into electrical energy, offering significantly improved the efficiency of energy conversion compared to traditional combustion reactions. The development of effective strategies to produce electrical and chemical energies remains demanding, and scientists have been devoted to this field to promote the efficiency of energy conversion