1. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) and Plant microbial fuel cell (PMFC) are promising and sustainable technology that convert chemical energy to Ielectricity directly. 2. The advantages of activated carbon derived from agricultural waste (AWC) include low cost, rich source and biocompatibility. 3. The power output of MFCs and PMFCs with AWC anodes are up to 4719.1 mW m·2 and 92.5 mW m·2, respectively.