The Heritage Museum currently houses around 3,569 artifacts and over a thousand deposited items, including works by distinguished Chinese and Japanese scholars, officials, artists, monks, sinologists, and diplomats, as well as local historical documents and personal papers. These items span from the Ming and Qing dynasties in China and the Edo period in Japan, through the Japanese colonial era, and up to post-1949 Taiwan, covering nearly 300 years of history with invaluable archival significance.

To preserve cultural artifacts and promote sustainability, the museum organizes exhibitions, conducts conservation, cataloging, research, and digital archiving of collections. Each item’s provenance, historical context, style, and details are carefully documented. The museum collaborates with universities and cultural institutions to foster academic exchange and promote cultural education, showcasing the diverse heritage of Chinese character culture in Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan. Additionally, the museum works with Hsinchu schools and local cultural teams, contributing to the preservation and innovation of local culture, fulfilling the university’s social responsibility.

The Heritage Museum collaborates with the General Education Center of NTHU and local century-old schools (Hsinchu Girls' High School and Hsinchu Vocational High School) to promote local cultural heritage and activities. This partnership seeks sustainable cultural practices that can be learned and replicated. Artifacts should not only reside in storage; through exhibitions and collaboration with external partners, the museum connects its Hsinchu local collections with students, alumni, and the Hsinchu community. This elevates campus artifacts and school history items to cultural assets for all, fostering a collective awareness and action towards cultural experience and preservation.

The Heritage Museum's collection includes not only traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting but also works from the Japanese colonial period by Taiwanese artists and Japanese artists, as well as works by Chinese literate men in modern Japan. Each period reflects distinct national aspirations, which are vividly expressed in the artifacts, providing a crucial foundation for researching the thoughts and arts of different eras. In addition to hosting themed exhibitions, the museum publishes catalogues for each exhibition, ensuring that these artifacts contribute to ongoing research and preserve valuable documentation, underscoring the significance of university museums.

The establishment of the Chinese Communist Party in 1949 and the relocation of the Nationalist government to Taiwan are pivotal historical events of the 20th century, holding significance in both national and world history. The museum's collection includes nearly 2,000 documents related to the "1949 relocation," featuring correspondence from presidents, generals, high monks, scholars, writers, and ordinary citizens. These writings create a representative record that reflects a cross-section of society during a critical era, highlighting the significance of the Taiwan Strait and Taiwanese society during this transformative period.