This course addresses the fundamental question of how justice demands equal rights for all, while considering how public life should ensure that people with different gender characteristics can truly enjoy equality. It will introduce and discuss eight public issues closely related to this question: The first part looks at four questions from the group perspective of social, national, and individual interactions: 1.Is the equal distribution of resources in education and work, such as Affirmative Action, appropriate? 2.How should we understand marriage equality? 3.How do ethnic and racial conflicts obstruct equal opportunities and the inherent dignity of all people? 4.How can we address hostile environments regarding bodily integrity, and consider the appropriateness of using animals as food for humans and sustainable requirements? The second part examines four questions from the perspective of legal, political, familial, and economic systems, which form the basic structure of society: 1.Does the legal principle of "equal treatment" reconcile with the reality of gender differences? 2.What are the limits of public-private distinctions in the governance of a multicultural state and gender? 3.Should the family be the place for cultivating a sense of justice? 4.How should distributive justice be oriented toward the long-term welfare of historically disadvantaged women? Through participation in this course, which includes text reading, debate, report presentations, and essay writing, the expected teaching outcome is to cultivate participants’ philosophical abilities by helping them clearly understand the reasoning behind different positions on public issues. This enables deeper reflection on the values, meanings, and responsibilities of being a participant in social life. The course uses gender as a lens to imagine how states and societies shape individuals' identities and the rational and irrational limitations placed on personal freedom within institutional frameworks.