In this course, we will understand the process of post-war European integration and its contents. We will explore the attempts of important figures to promote integration, the conflicts and coordination of the interests of member states, the implementation of various common policies, and the establishment and development of organisations and institutions. This process of voluntary integration has not only been deeply affected by the international political environment and economic changes, but has also experienced many internal disputes and crises. It is worthwhile for us to grasp the spirit of rejecting each other's prejudices and seeking common ground in the midst of their differences, to examine the efforts they have made in the pursuit of peace and the modernisation of their countries.