The camera trap survey conducted in Shoushan found that compared to 2018 data, the relative abundance index of free-roaming dogs in 2021-2022 decreased by 35.4% (not statistically significant), but that of Reeves' muntjac decreased significantly by 92.6%. Free-roaming dogs overlap with wild mammals in spatial distribution and activity time, posing a serious threat. The line survey found that the spay-neuter rates of female dogs on the east and south of Shoushan were 78.8% and 89.5%, respectively. TNVR is effective in suppressing the birth of dogs, but new dogs continue to immigrate, leading to ineffective population control.

The survey results in Yangmingshan showed that if the current spay-neuter rate can be maintained and no individual immigration occurs in the core areas, the population will gradually disappear. In the edge areas, the population will not decrease under the current spay-neuter rate scenario. If the spay-neuter rate can be increased to more than 75% and no immigration occurs, the population will gradually decrease until it disappears. However, as long as individuals continue to immigrate, the population will remain at a certain level and will not disappear.

Based on the comprehensive research results, we recommend managing and prohibiting feeding behavior, maintain a high spay-neuter rate and expand it to areas outside the parks, monitor and handle newly immigrated dogs, and implement a removal and relocation program instead of relying solely on TNVR.