This study aims to investigate psychological resilience across different age groups, from children to the elderly, by utilizing various cross-disciplinary research methods. These methods include applying cognitive neuroscience theory, conducting statistical analyses of computational neuroimaging, and utilizing sports training tailored to specific sports. By operating under the premise of exercise as a means of transforming the brain, this study seeks to identify possible neurobiological mechanisms and explore the multifaceted effects of exercise on mental health and resilience. The research is among the few that globally combines cognitive neuroscience, computational neuroimaging, statistical analysis, and sports training to investigate the development of psychological resilience in children and adults. Its findings will facilitate the expansion of neural correlation indicators of mental health to diverse ethnic groups in the future, which will make a significant contribution to the methodological progress in the field of sports science research.