Water is one of the most important substances for life 1. As we know, 3/4 of the earth’s surface is covered by water; however, 97% of the earth's water is found in the oceans, less than 3% of the earth's water is available fresh water 2. With the development of society, a large number of industrial, agricultural and domestic waste into the water, resulting in water contamination 3, so that less and less available water resources. Most environmental pollutants are known to be indecomposable, accumulating in soil and aquatic environments. Such environmental pollutants may raise ecotoxicological concerns via bioaccumulation. and since humans are apex predators, toxic pollutants eventually accumulate in human bodies 4. Nevertheless, most of the current research on water pollution and bioaccumulation have focused on t plankton, benthos, fish and so on 5 6. There is hardly study to assess the effect of sediment pollutants on human health. According to the ancient river valley civilizations, river was an inseparable part of human lives 7. The pollutants of water accumulated in the river bed sediment 8. Therefore, the mail goal of this study was to assess sediment toxicity on human health, and hope everyone have access to safe and clean drinking water, living in a health environment (SDG 6 & 3). The Ke-ya stream flows along the national science city "Hsinchu Science Park" and areas with high population density in Hsinchu district, the water quality of the Ke-Ya stream is closely associated with the health of local residents. Hence, the Ke-Ya stream was chosen as the sediment sampling site in the current study. Pollutant analysis indicated that the concentration of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and organic compounds [fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-(n-butyl) phthalate] in downstream sediment was higher than that in the others, and hardly any organic compounds were present in upstream sediment extracts. The MTT cell viability results indicated that the 1% downstream sediment extract (DSE) significantly decreased cell viability of brain cell, oral cell, lung cell, breast cell, liver cell, pancreatic cell, cervical cell, prostatic cell, colorectal cell. the adhesive and wound healing ability of cells were also greatly decreased by the presence of 1% DSE compared to other conditions. The cell adhesion and migration are complex processes that important for cells, loss of those cell essential ability would lead to various diseases. So far, the regulation of sediment pollution is still imperfect, we sincerely hope our studies provide a scientific basis to adopt strategies for disease prevention and policies for environmental issues.