Sustainable Development Goals
Abstract/Objectives
The indigenous culture contains profound ecological thinking and environmental protection concepts. Everything around the indigenous people comes from nature. For a long time, they have developed a life philosophy and wisdom in harmony with nature. In recent years, the overexploitation of mountain slopes and natural resources caused the destruction of ecological balance and species diversity. Therefore, integrating indigenous culture and wisdom into natural science education can achieve the goal of encouraging biodiversity and ecological conservation. This research uses virtual reality and augmented reality technologies to combine indigenous culture with the teaching materials of natural science in elementary schools. The objective is to promote indigenous science education and reduce the digital divide of indigenous people. The virtual teaching materials developed in this study are educational and entertaining, and can promote the development of the economy, tourism and cultural industries of aboriginal tribes, so they are very suitable as a teaching tool for elementary school natural subjects.
Results/Contributions

This research takes the cultural resources of indigenous tribes as the main goal of development by combining local traditional skills and ecological resources to develop virtual teaching materials for 3rd-6th grades of elementary schools: (1) Aquatic creatures - ecological conservation of the Formosan landlocked salmon: This research uses Kyawan Creek and Atayal's Nanshan Tribe as the main scenes, and integrates the ecological environment of Kyawan Creek into learning activities through the VR technology to enhance learning interest and effectiveness. Learners can observe the characteristics and habitual behavior of Formosan landlocked salmons through interactive operation, and enhance their understanding of the relationship between ecological balance and the food chain through role-playing games. (2) Insect world - the fun of watching butterflies in the native tribe: This study uses the purple butterfly valley in Rukai's Maolin Tribe as the main scene, and uses the AR and mobile learning technologies to develop a virtual butterfly ecological environment. Users can raise virtual butterfly larvae on host plants through the operation of a smartphone or tablet computer to observe the changes in their appearance at different growth stages. (3) Sun observation - watching the sunrise at the Sun Tribe: This study uses Amis Jingpu Tribe as the main scene, combining the abundant ecology of the Xiuguluan River estuary and the traditional fishing and hunting lifestyle to develop a motion-sensing solar observation system. The system can calculate the azimuth and elevation angle of the sun based on the user's location, date and time, and use the hemispherical model to record the sun's trajectory. Users can set a different observation time or location to understand that the sun's trajectory changes with seasons and latitudes.

Keywords
virtual reality, augmented reality, indigenous culture, biodiversity, ecological conservation, sustainable development, STEM education
References
1. National Park Service

https://www.nps.gov.tw/

Contact Information
唐文華
whtang@mx.nthu.edu.tw