"Discussion of Friends and the World" is a core concept in Chinese historical thinking. By understanding the words and deeds of specific individuals, we can gain a deeper understanding of the situation of their time. By considering the possibilities and limitations created by the historical situation and exploring the challenges faced by these individuals, we can examine their choices and understand the ways in which their choices reflect both their personal attitudes and the concerns of their time. This course aims to guide students in empathizing with the predicaments and choices of historical figures, which not only enriches their historical knowledge but also expands their perspective on different people, things, and events in different times and places. As we reflect upon the references provided by these historical figures, students can become more aware of the possibilities and limitations of their own lives and times, which can help them make choices that are meaningful to them personally as well as fitting the context of their time.

In this course, we will study six texts from the "Annals of History" and explore them in depth over 1-3 weeks with the guidance of the instructor. There will be a five-minute in-class quiz before each new text is introduced to ascertain that students have read and comprehended the basic content. In addition to readings and discussions, students will also be responsible for a creative project which can include a painting, music, a short film (3-5 minutes), a short play, a story (within 5,000 words), prose, poetry, or an instructional plan for middle or high school. Although the format is open, students must consult with the instructor and gain approval of their creative project plan before the seventh week of class. All creative projects will be presented in class, and students must explain the philosophy and methodology of their project and how it connects to their understanding of the text. They must also respond to questions and feedback from both the instructor and their peers. Students must also actively engage with each other's creative works and offer questions and feedback. The course will include one final examination, and the instructor will be available for office hours every Monday from 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm to discuss class matters with students in room A614. The students can also arrange for a different time to meet outside of office hours.