Based on the analysis of the development of value co-creation and collaboration experiences between the SEs and their partners, we categorized the collaboration into that with three main groups of stakeholders: business, the general public, and the government. The findings reveal three patterns of interaction in the inter-organizational collaboration process between these environment-focused social enterprises and different partners, identified as resource integration, knowledge sharing, and resource exchange. The study contributes to the theory of value co-creation and inter-organizational collaboration, as well as the literature on social enterprises, with a specific focus on those with strong environmental missions. This research explores inter-organizational collaboration, as an important strategy of environment-oriented social enterprises, using case studies. According to the findings, inter-organizational collaboration practices are critical to advancing the innovation process and implementing this operational philosophy. Via separate collaboration actions, environment-oriented social enterprises have produced better results and gained resources. It has been discovered that actors also serve as developers, collaborating to create new goods and services. Inter-organizational collaboration fosters a virtuous circle of mutual benefit among stakeholders, enabling the achievement of social economic outcomes, social missions, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, this research points out that in order to deliver the concept of environmental sustainability from the bottom-up, environment-focused social enterprises co-create social value with the general public through externalization will become a new concept.