The NTHU Touqian River team has been conducting long-term testing and biotoxicity studies on Touqian Creek sediment. Background: To introduce the current status of river pollution in Taiwan and the importance of sediment as a sink for pollutants. Sampling Sites: Samples were collected from various locations in the Touqian River watershed, including surface and deep samples. Heavy Metals: Eight heavy metals were examined in the sediment and nickel levels were found to be generally excessive, requiring more frequent testing. Organic: Organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and plasticizers were detected. Pollution assessment: Pollution levels were assessed using the Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Biotoxicity assay: MTT assay and ROS assay were used to test the toxicity of the sediment extracts on human kidney cells (HEK-293T). Comparison of results: Comparison of contamination levels and toxicity between different sampling sites, surface and deep layers, and with Hak Yai Creek. Main findings Heavy metal contamination level: industrial wastewater > domestic sewage > water intake Heavy metals tend to be deposited in the deep layer, while organic matter tends to be deposited in the surface layer. Degree of pollution of Luliaokeng Creek: downstream > midstream ≈ upstream Biotoxicity results were highly correlated with heavy metal content. Conclusion: The importance of quantifying the potential risk of heavy metals for river pollution indicators and the application of the human cell platform in environmental pollution identification were emphasized.